2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

2016/09/26 02:22:34文/網(wǎng)編3

學(xué)分網(wǎng)給各位考生整理了2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。更多的資訊請(qǐng)持續(xù)關(guān)注學(xué)分網(wǎng)。(http://www.mlvmservice.com/)

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),如若定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),將非限定性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間,其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句精講

1、who引導(dǎo)

Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.

我們的向?qū)В粋€(gè)法裔加拿大人,擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。

My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.

我家的園丁非常悲觀,他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋(píng)果。

2、whom引導(dǎo)

關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可位于句首。

如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.

史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。

3、whose引導(dǎo)

whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人,也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。

如:The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.

那位父親是位工程師小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力.

Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

在樹(shù)林的高處是山,其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。

The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.

這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品,風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。

4、which引導(dǎo)

關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

① which指代主句中的名詞,被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。

如:These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.

這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的,還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。

She is an artist,which I am not.

她是一位藝術(shù)家,而我不是。

Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.

水是一種清澈的液體,有許多用途。

The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.

那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任,事實(shí)上,也真是如此。

② which指代主句中的形容詞。

如:She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.

她對(duì)孩子們很耐心,她丈夫卻很少這樣。

She is always careless,which we should not be.

她總是馬虎大意,我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。

③ which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。

如:He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.

他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她,這不是真的。

④ which指代整個(gè)主句。

如:In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張,這是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.

他可能得了急性盲腸炎,如果是這樣,他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。

When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作,這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。

5、when引導(dǎo)

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。

如:He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.

他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào),那時(shí)他將有空。

6、where引導(dǎo)

副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。

如:They went to London,where they lived for six months.

他們?nèi)チ藗惗?,在那兒呆了六個(gè)月的時(shí)間。

7、as引導(dǎo)

as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),代替整個(gè)主句,對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),且引出的從句位置比較靈活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……, 就像……”之意。

如:As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

美國(guó)人都知道,馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.

他忘了帶筆,這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

他正在全神貫注地工作,他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))

As we all know, the earth is round.

眾所周知,地球是圓的。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.

兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿意,這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.

你知道,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

8、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

“名詞/代詞+of+which / whom”

It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.

現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地,其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.

光是世界上最快的東西,它的速度是每秒30萬(wàn)千米。

There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.

大廳里有三十把椅子,絕大部分是新的。

The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women.

這家紡織廠有8千多職工,女職工占百分之八十。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞

①引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞:as,which,who

②引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞主要有:when,where。

注意:不能用that作為關(guān)系代詞的兩種情況:①非限定性定語(yǔ)從句;②介詞+關(guān)系代詞

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用which。

例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.

A. that B. which C. what D. who

例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.

A. that B. / C. what D. who

解析: 例1意為:“她聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音,這使她感到恐懼。”that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故選B。例2意為:“她聽(tīng)到了一個(gè)使她恐懼的可怕聲音?!币龑?dǎo)修飾noise的限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo),故選A。

2. 先行詞為reason時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)可以用why或for which來(lái)引導(dǎo);非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則只能用for which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.

A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why

例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.

A. when B. which C. why D. for that

解析: 例3意為:“我早已把理由告訴他們,于是我沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議。”先行詞為reason時(shí),非限制性定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo),故選A。例4意為:“我已經(jīng)把為什么沒(méi)有出席會(huì)議的原因告訴他們?!眛he reason why...是常見(jiàn)搭配,答案為C。

3. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不能省略。

例5.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.

A. as B. which C. / D. whom

解析: 本句意為:“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對(duì)待親生母親一樣孝敬她。”關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句并作賓語(yǔ),不能被省略,故選D。

4.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)并作從句賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來(lái)代替;但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,whom就不能用who替換。

例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about

A. which B. that C. whom D. who

例7.The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong

A. who B. whom C. whose D. /

解析: 例6意為:“你認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆嗎 我們談到過(guò)他?!睉?yīng)選C。例7意為:“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的”關(guān)系代詞作mentioned的賓語(yǔ)且指人時(shí),可用who/whom/that,在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略,故C是錯(cuò)的。

5.當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞可以用as 和which,但位于舉句首不能用which,只能用as。此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。

例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.

A. Which B. As C. That D. When

解析: 本句意為:“正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他不相信我的話?!狈窍拗菩远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句,應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo),故答案為B。

例9.Mary was late for school,______ often happened.

A. as B. for which C. that D. why

解析: 本句意為:“瑪麗上學(xué)遲到了,這是常有的事?!备鶕?jù)句意,關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的主句,其位置非常靈活,故答案為A。

6. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞指代整個(gè)主句時(shí),不能用as,只能用which,因?yàn)橛薪樵~關(guān)系。

例10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.

A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which

解析: 本句意為:“他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē),他父親對(duì)此很生氣?!眞hich位于介詞with的后面,指代前面的主句,故答案為D。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)

1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分。

2. as有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞 。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,若as在從句中作主語(yǔ),其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放句中。

例句:

As is reported in the newspaper ,some artistic treasures(藝術(shù)珍品) will be on show at the exhibition (展覽品)on the weekend.

3. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系詞不能用that,和those。

推薦閱讀:

2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):限定性定語(yǔ)從句
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):名詞性從句
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):同位語(yǔ)從句
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):賓語(yǔ)從句

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