2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句

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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句

名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組， 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句的連接詞

分類

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連詞（5個(gè)）：that （本身無(wú)意義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that?？墒÷?，但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)that通常不被省略）

whether,if （均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）

as if ,as though （[1] 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）

◆以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞（10個(gè)）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever

連接副詞（7個(gè)）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why

不可省略的連詞：

1. 介詞后的連詞。

2. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

3. 在從句中做成分的連詞.

◆whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether：

1. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首。

eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.

2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.

3. whether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)。

eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.

4.if與whether都可以與or not 連用，但后面緊跟or not 時(shí)只能用whether。

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此時(shí)只能用whether）

I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此時(shí)則二者都可以用）

5.后面直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。

6.whether可引導(dǎo)從句，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)而if不行。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句的分類

主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)

1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET 1995)

A. There B. This C. That D. It

答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.

2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）

A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when

答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞，做主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語(yǔ)，因此，此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。

3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）

A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid

答案：D。賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。

4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）

A. when B. how C. whether D. why

答案C。這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù) doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)?！?/p>

5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants. (NMET1997)

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?！笨梢钥闯龊竺娴膹木鋺?yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語(yǔ)，A. however 和D. whenever是不能作賓語(yǔ)的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)，無(wú)論哪些”，應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物，此處沒(méi)有涉及事物的范圍，所以應(yīng)選 B．whatever，表示“無(wú)論什么”。

6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

答案C。本題句子的意思是：無(wú)論誰(shuí)最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于any person who或The person who, 意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非連詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，況who leaves the room last意為“某個(gè)最后離開房間的人”，與題意不符，如果要選A. Anyone或B. The person，都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D. Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”的含義了。

7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (Shanghai1995)

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問(wèn)詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語(yǔ)，所以whomever也不行。

8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ( NMET1999)

A. why B. what C. when D. where

答案A。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，甲說(shuō)上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來(lái)詢問(wèn)甲這是否是請(qǐng)幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語(yǔ)境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語(yǔ)境，下句應(yīng)該問(wèn)“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎”

9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. ( NMET1993)

A. when B. how C. where D. what

答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語(yǔ)，排除D．what，而答案C, D均與題意不符，所以應(yīng)選A．when。used to be表示一種過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)，本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時(shí)候是個(gè)寧?kù)o的地方。”

10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was （2001春季招生）

A．where B．what C．how D．which

答案D。這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句中缺少表語(yǔ)。從上句的意思分析，應(yīng)是哪本書，所以要填which，這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過(guò)有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容，是哪一本書重要嗎”。

11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while B. that C. when D. as (2001年上海)

答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名詞后，用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容。

12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.

—Yes, it could be.

—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)

A. if B. how C. what D. that

答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do是及物動(dòng)詞，可見從句缺少一個(gè)代替賓語(yǔ)的成分，我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：名詞性從句的練習(xí)題

1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.

A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says

答案A：句型It is said that+主語(yǔ)從句。類似的還有It is believed that……etc

2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

A. What B. That C. How D. Where

答案A：觀察此從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，而能在主語(yǔ)從句中即充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成分又引導(dǎo)的就只有what了

3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.

A. whether B. if C. that D. how

4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be .

A .what B. how C. that D. which

5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.

A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether

6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.

A .that B. how C .what D. where

7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.

A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow

C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown

8. Have you seen Mary lately My boss wants to know _____.

A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along

C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along

9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.

A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what

10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.

A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever

11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person

12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.

A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either; whoever

13. ___ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that

14. It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.

A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what

15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.

A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go

16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.

A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give

C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give

17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.

A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off

18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．

A. where B. there C. here where D. where there

19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.

A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

Keys:

1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B

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