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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):插入語(yǔ)
在一個(gè)句子中間插入一個(gè)成分,它不作句子的何種成分,也不和句子的何種成分發(fā)生結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系,同時(shí)既不起連接作用,也不表示語(yǔ)氣,這個(gè)成分稱之插入語(yǔ)。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):插入語(yǔ)的作用
插入語(yǔ)一般對(duì)一句話作一些附加的說(shuō)明。它是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn),也是高考的考點(diǎn)。通常與句中其它部分沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。插入語(yǔ)在句中有時(shí)是對(duì)一句話的一些附加解釋、說(shuō)明或總結(jié);有時(shí)表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用;有時(shí)是為了引起對(duì)方的注意;還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說(shuō)明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):插入語(yǔ)的類型
1、形容詞(短語(yǔ))做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的形容詞(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough等。如:True,it would be too bad.真的,太糟了。Wonderful,we have won again.太好了,我們又贏了。Strange to say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now.說(shuō)來(lái)也奇怪,他到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有收到我的信。Most important of all,we must learn all the skills.最重要的是,我們必須掌握所有的技巧。
2.副詞(短語(yǔ))做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞(短語(yǔ))有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather等。如:When he got there,he found,however,that the weather was too bad.可是到了那兒之后他發(fā)現(xiàn),那兒的天氣太壞了。Otherwise,he would still be at home.不然的話,他還會(huì)在家的。
3、介詞(短語(yǔ))做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等。如:You can’t wait anymore-in other words,you should start at once.你不能再等了——換言之,你得立即出發(fā)。On the contrary,we should strengthen our cooperation with them.相反,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)和他們的合作。
4、V-ing(短語(yǔ))做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的V-ing(短語(yǔ))常見(jiàn)的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering等。如:Generally speaking,the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.一般來(lái)說(shuō),那兒的氣候冬天不太冷,夏天不太熱。Judging by his clothes,he may be an artist.從衣著來(lái)判斷,他可能是個(gè)藝術(shù)家。
5、不定式(短語(yǔ))做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin with等。如:To be frank,I don’t quite agree with you.坦率地說(shuō),我不太同意你的意見(jiàn)。To tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in the matter.跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話,我對(duì)這件事情的興趣不大。To sum up,success results from hard work.總而言之,成功是艱苦努力的結(jié)果。
6、句子(陳述句和一般疑問(wèn)句)做插入語(yǔ)
能用作插入語(yǔ)的句子有:I am sure,I believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。如:Some animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such a deep one.有些動(dòng)物只是半冬眠,就是說(shuō),它們的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。I believe,China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later.我確信,中國(guó)遲早會(huì)趕上發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。He can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so clever.他不能通過(guò)這次考試,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)不認(rèn)真,更何況他又不太聰明。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):插入語(yǔ)的形式
1. 插入語(yǔ)常以副詞(副詞短語(yǔ))、形容詞(形容詞短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等形式出現(xiàn)。
( 1 )常見(jiàn)的副詞及短語(yǔ): indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。
( 2 )常見(jiàn)的形容詞及短語(yǔ): funny, needless to say (不用說(shuō)), most important of all 等。
( 3 )常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ): by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short (簡(jiǎn)而言之), in other words, in general, in one's opinion / judgment (按照某人的意見(jiàn)), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one's knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。
( 4 )常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ): strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking (嚴(yán)格地 / 一般地 / 坦誠(chéng)地等)說(shuō); judging from / by …(根據(jù)……判斷)等。
( 5 )常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ): to be sure (無(wú)疑地), to sum up (概括地說(shuō)), to tell the truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly, to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
注意:上述單詞或短語(yǔ)作插入語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:
( 1 ) Frankly, he'd like to listen to music.
(副詞作插入語(yǔ),表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度)
Here you should speak frankly.
(副詞作狀語(yǔ))
( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容詞作插入語(yǔ))
He came back, hungry and tired. (形容詞作狀語(yǔ))
( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder brother. (現(xiàn)在分詞作插入語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)不是句中的主語(yǔ),只是說(shuō)話者的附加說(shuō)明)
Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ) he )
( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn't quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入語(yǔ),動(dòng)作主體不是句中的主語(yǔ),只是說(shuō)話者的附加說(shuō)明)
To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的狀語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)是句中的主語(yǔ) he )
2. 插入句為簡(jiǎn)短的、具有完整意義的句子。常見(jiàn)的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說(shuō)), that is ( to say )(也就是說(shuō)), it seems (看來(lái)是), as I see it (照我看來(lái)), what's more, what's worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴(yán)重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說(shuō)), as we all know (眾所周知)等。
插入句獨(dú)立性強(qiáng),一般用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)將其與其他句子成分隔開。應(yīng)當(dāng)特別注意疑問(wèn)句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語(yǔ)序且無(wú)任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),而且整個(gè)疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)當(dāng)保持陳述語(yǔ)序。例如:
( 1 ) What should I do first
What do you think I should do first (被插入的疑問(wèn)句原來(lái)為倒裝語(yǔ)序,插入后成為陳述語(yǔ)序)
( 2 ) Who is singing
Who do you think is singing (被插入的疑問(wèn)句原來(lái)就是陳述語(yǔ)序,不需要做調(diào)整)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):特殊分詞
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