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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞( 除ought 外,ought to意思是“應(yīng)該”,是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,只有一種形式,后邊接動(dòng)詞不定式,to不能省略。ought to沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后接動(dòng)詞原形可以表示現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)或過(guò)去將來(lái),由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文決定。例如:
They ought to come tomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來(lái)):
(2)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make:
(3)感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel,find 等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。
注意:在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。
在使役動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(get sb. to do sth.)
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
(4) 表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的would rather,had better,might(just) as well:rather than置于句首時(shí)。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.
(5) Why… / why not…:
(6) help 可帶to,也可不帶to,help sb (to) do sth:
(7) but和except:but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí),后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
(8) 由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式,第二個(gè)to 可以省去:
(9) 通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后,可以省去to be:
He is supposed (to be) nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。
(10)but作介詞,后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí),but后的不定式要省去to,否則要帶to。
He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
(11)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)由連詞and,but或or連接時(shí),后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí),則不能省略。
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
(12)不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí),一般要帶to,但若主語(yǔ)部分中含有do的各種形式時(shí),符號(hào)to可省去。
We've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
動(dòng)詞不定式為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式,由“小品詞to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,但有時(shí)小品詞to可以省略,下面便是筆者歸納的幾組動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況:
1. 與助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí),可以省略to。例:
(1)He doesn’t like singing.他不喜歡唱歌。
(2)He will come here tomorrow.他明天將到這兒來(lái)。[注]在ought, used, be, have之后仍帶to。例如:
(3)These machines ought to be cleaned once a day.這些機(jī)器應(yīng)該一天清洗一次。
(4)My father used to go fishing.我的父親過(guò)去常去釣魚。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
2. 在感觀動(dòng)詞(see, watch, notice等)和使役動(dòng)詞(let, make, have等)后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),省略to。例:
(1)He noticed a stranger come into the room just now.他剛才看見(jiàn)一個(gè)陌生人進(jìn)了那個(gè)房間。
(2)The boss often made him do very hard work.老板經(jīng)常讓他做非??嗟墓ぷ?。
[注]此類動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)(watch, have to一般不變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)),其后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式必須帶to。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
3. 用于but, except和besides三個(gè)介詞之后,但這些介詞之前須有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,用不帶to的不定式。例:
(1)He could do nothing but wait.他只有等待。
(2)I have done nothing except do what I should.我只是做了我應(yīng)該做的。
(3)What do you like to do besides reading.除了讀書,你還喜歡干什么
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
4. 在had better, would rather, would sooner等短語(yǔ)之后,不定式不帶to。例:
(1)I would rather not tell you.我看還是不告訴你的好。
(2)Better wait a few days.最好再等幾天。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
5. 將連詞rather than, sooner than置于句首時(shí),其后的不定式不接to。例:
(1)Rather than see the film, I prefer to watch TV.我寧愿看電視也不看電影
(2)Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.她情愿以服務(wù)為生,也不愿與那男子結(jié)婚。
[注]than, rather than在其它位置時(shí),也常不帶to,但如果表示對(duì)比或在比較句型中要帶to。例:
(3)He decided to write rather than to telephone.(對(duì)比)他決定寫信而不是打電話。
(4)He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比較)他認(rèn)為最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)而不是交朋友。
(5)He likes to swim more than skate.比起溜冰他更喜歡游泳。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
6. 在以why(not)開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中,用不帶to的不定式。例:
(1)Why waste time為什么要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間
(2)Why not go there with me為什么不和我一起去那里
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
7. 如主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,而不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí),to可以省去。例:
(1)The only thing you can do is wait and see.你只好等著瞧。
▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式的省略
8. 幾個(gè)不定式并列時(shí),常只在第一個(gè)前加to,后面的to??刹粠?。例:
(1)Do you want to have a rest or work till ten o’clock你是想休息一會(huì)兒呢還是一直工作到十點(diǎn)
(2)It’s kind of you to come and see me.你能來(lái)看我真是太好了。
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)
2017年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
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